Move the most recent commit(s) to a new branch with Git

Question

How do I move my recent commits on master to a new branch, and reset master to before those commits were made? e.g. From this:

master A - B - C - D - E

To this:

newbranch     C - D - E
             /
master A - B 

Answer 1

Moving to an existing branch

If you want to move your commits to an existing branch, it will look like this:

git checkout existingbranch
git merge branchToMoveCommitFrom
git checkout branchToMoveCommitFrom
git reset --hard HEAD~3 # Go back 3 commits. You *will* lose uncommitted work.
git checkout existingbranch

You can store uncommitted edits to your stash before doing this, using git stash. Once complete, you can retrieve the stashed uncommitted edits with git stash pop

Moving to a new branch

WARNING: This method works because you are creating a new branch with the first command: git branch newbranch. If you want to move commits to an existing branch you need to merge your changes into the existing branch before executing git reset --hard HEAD~3 (see Moving to an existing branch above). If you don't merge your changes first, they will be lost.

Unless there are other circumstances involved, this can be easily done by branching and rolling back.

# Note: Any changes not committed will be lost.
git branch newbranch      # Create a new branch, saving the desired commits
git checkout master       # checkout master, this is the place you want to go back
git reset --hard HEAD~3   # Move master back by 3 commits (Make sure you know how many commits you need to go back)
git checkout newbranch    # Go to the new branch that still has the desired commits

But do make sure how many commits to go back. Alternatively, you can instead of HEAD~3, simply provide the hash of the commit (or the reference like origin/master) you want to "revert back to" on the master (/current) branch, e.g:

git reset --hard a1b2c3d4

Note: You will only be "losing" commits from the master branch, but don't worry, you'll have those commits in newbranch! An easy way to check that, after completing the 4 step sequence of commands above, is by looking at git log -n4 which will show the history of newbranch actually retained the 3 commits (and the reason is that newbranch was created at the time those changes were already commited on master!). They have only been removed from master, as git reset only affected the branch that was checked out at the time of its execution, i.e. master (see git reset description: Reset current HEAD to the specified state). git status however will not show any checkouts on the newbranch, which might be surprising at first but that is actually expected.

Lastly, you may need to force push your latest changes to main repo:

git push origin master --force

WARNING: With Git version 2.0 and later, if you later git rebase the new branch upon the original (master) branch, you may need an explicit --no-fork-point option during the rebase to avoid losing the carried-over commits. Having branch.autosetuprebase always set makes this more likely. See John Mellor's answer for details.

Answer 2

For those wondering why it works (as I was at first):

You want to go back to C, and move D and E to the new branch. Here's what it looks like at first:

A-B-C-D-E (HEAD)
        ↑
      master

After git branch newBranch:

    newBranch
        ↓
A-B-C-D-E (HEAD)
        ↑
      master

After git reset --hard HEAD~2:

    newBranch
        ↓
A-B-C-D-E (HEAD)
    ↑
  master

Since a branch is just a pointer, master pointed to the last commit. When you made newBranch, you simply made a new pointer to the last commit. Then using git reset you moved the master pointer back two commits. But since you didn't move newBranch, it still points to the commit it originally did.

Answer 3

In General...

The method exposed by sykora is the best option in this case. But sometimes is not the easiest and it's not a general method. For a general method use git cherry-pick:

To achieve what OP wants, its a 2-step process:

Step 1 - Note which commits from master you want on a newbranch

Execute

git checkout master
git log

Note the hashes of (say 3) commits you want on newbranch. Here I shall use:
C commit: 9aa1233
D commit: 453ac3d
E commit: 612ecb3

Note: You can use the first seven characters or the whole commit hash

Step 2 - Put them on the newbranch

git checkout newbranch
git cherry-pick 612ecb3
git cherry-pick 453ac3d
git cherry-pick 9aa1233

OR (on Git 1.7.2+, use ranges)

git checkout newbranch
git cherry-pick 612ecb3~1..9aa1233

git cherry-pick applies those three commits to newbranch.

Answer 4

Most previous answers are dangerously wrong!

Do NOT do this:

git branch -t newbranch
git reset --hard HEAD~3
git checkout newbranch

As the next time you run git rebase (or git pull --rebase) those 3 commits would be silently discarded from newbranch! (see explanation below)

Instead do this:

git reset --keep HEAD~3
git checkout -t -b newbranch
git cherry-pick ..HEAD@{2}

• First it discards the 3 most recent commits (--keep is like --hard, but safer, as fails rather than throw away uncommitted changes).
• Then it forks off newbranch.
• Then it cherry-picks those 3 commits back onto newbranch. Since they're no longer referenced by a branch, it does that by using git's reflog: HEAD@{2} is the commit that HEAD used to refer to 2 operations ago, i.e. before we 1. checked out newbranch and 2. used git reset to discard the 3 commits.

Warning: the reflog is enabled by default, but if you've manually disabled it (e.g. by using a "bare" git repository), you won't be able to get the 3 commits back after running git reset --keep HEAD~3.

An alternative that doesn't rely on the reflog is:

# newbranch will omit the 3 most recent commits.
git checkout -b newbranch HEAD~3
git branch --set-upstream-to=oldbranch
# Cherry-picks the extra commits from oldbranch.
git cherry-pick ..oldbranch
# Discards the 3 most recent commits from oldbranch.
git branch --force oldbranch oldbranch~3

(if you prefer you can write @{-1} - the previously checked out branch - instead of oldbranch).

---

Technical explanation

Why would git rebase discard the 3 commits after the first example? It's because git rebase with no arguments enables the --fork-point option by default, which uses the local reflog to try to be robust against the upstream branch being force-pushed.

Suppose you branched off origin/master when it contained commits M1, M2, M3, then made three commits yourself:

M1--M2--M3  <-- origin/master
         \
          T1--T2--T3  <-- topic

but then someone rewrites history by force-pushing origin/master to remove M2:

M1--M3'  <-- origin/master
 \
  M2--M3--T1--T2--T3  <-- topic

Using your local reflog, git rebase can see that you forked from an earlier incarnation of the origin/master branch, and hence that the M2 and M3 commits are not really part of your topic branch. Hence it reasonably assumes that since M2 was removed from the upstream branch, you no longer want it in your topic branch either once the topic branch is rebased:

M1--M3'  <-- origin/master
     \
      T1'--T2'--T3'  <-- topic (rebased)

This behavior makes sense, and is generally the right thing to do when rebasing.

So the reason that the following commands fail:

git branch -t newbranch
git reset --hard HEAD~3
git checkout newbranch

is because they leave the reflog in the wrong state. Git sees newbranch as having forked off the upstream branch at a revision that includes the 3 commits, then the reset --hard rewrites the upstream's history to remove the commits, and so next time you run git rebase it discards them like any other commit that has been removed from the upstream.

But in this particular case we want those 3 commits to be considered as part of the topic branch. To achieve that, we need to fork off the upstream at the earlier revision that doesn't include the 3 commits. That's what my suggested solutions do, hence they both leave the reflog in the correct state.

For more details, see the definition of --fork-point in the git rebase and git merge-base docs.

Answer 5

Yet another way to do this, using just 2 commands. Also keeps your current working tree intact.

git checkout -b newbranch # switch to a new branch
git branch -f master HEAD~3 # make master point to some older commit

Old version - before I learned about git branch -f

git checkout -b newbranch # switch to a new branch
git push . +HEAD~3:master # make master point to some older commit 

Being able to push to . is a nice trick to know.

Answer 6

Much simpler solution using git stash

Here's a far simpler solution for commits to the wrong branch. Starting on branch master that has three mistaken commits:

git reset HEAD~3
git stash
git checkout newbranch
git stash pop

When to use this?

• If your primary purpose is to roll back master
• You want to keep file changes
• You don't care about the messages on the mistaken commits
• You haven't pushed yet
• You want this to be easy to memorize
• You don't want complications like temporary/new branches, finding and copying commit hashes, and other headaches

What this does, by line number

1. Undoes the last three commits (and their messages) to master, yet leaves all working files intact
2. Stashes away all the working file changes, making the master working tree exactly equal to the HEAD~3 state
3. Switches to an existing branch newbranch
4. Applies the stashed changes to your working directory and clears the stash

You can now use git add and git commit as you normally would. All new commits will be added to newbranch.

What this doesn't do

• It doesn't leave random temporary branches cluttering your tree
• It doesn't preserve the mistaken commit messages, so you'll need to add a new commit message to this new commit
• Update! Use up-arrow to scroll through your command buffer to reapply the prior commit with its commit message (thanks @ARK)

Goals

The OP stated the goal was to "take master back to before those commits were made" without losing changes and this solution does that.

I do this at least once a week when I accidentally make new commits to master instead of develop. Usually I have only one commit to rollback in which case using git reset HEAD^ on line 1 is a simpler way to rollback just one commit.

Don't do this if you pushed master's changes upstream

Someone else may have pulled those changes. If you are only rewriting your local master there's no impact when it's pushed upstream, but pushing a rewritten history to collaborators can cause headaches.

Answer 7

Simplest way to do this:

1. Rename master branch to your newbranch (assuming you are on master branch):

git branch -m newbranch

2. Create master branch from the commit that you wish:

git checkout -b master <seven_char_commit_id>

e.g. git checkout -b master a34bc22

3. Make master track origin/master:

git branch -u origin/master master

NOTE:

The upstream for newbranch would be origin/master.

Answer 8

This doesn't "move" them in the technical sense but it has the same effect:

A--B--C  (branch-foo)
 \    ^-- I wanted them here!
  \
   D--E--F--G  (branch-bar)
      ^--^--^-- Opps wrong branch!

While on branch-bar:
$ git reset --hard D # remember the SHAs for E, F, G (or E and G for a range)

A--B--C  (branch-foo)
 \
  \
   D-(E--F--G) detached
   ^-- (branch-bar)

Switch to branch-foo
$ git cherry-pick E..G

A--B--C--E'--F'--G' (branch-foo)
 \   E--F--G detached (This can be ignored)
  \ /
   D--H--I (branch-bar)

Now you won't need to worry about the detached branch because it is basically
like they are in the trash can waiting for the day it gets garbage collected.
Eventually some time in the far future it will look like:

A--B--C--E'--F'--G'--L--M--N--... (branch-foo)
 \
  \
   D--H--I--J--K--.... (branch-bar)

Answer 9

To do this without rewriting history (i.e. if you've already pushed the commits):

git checkout master
git revert <commitID(s)>
git checkout -b new-branch
git cherry-pick <commitID(s)>

Both branches can then be pushed without force!

Answer 10

Had just this situation:

Branch one: A B C D E F     J   L M  
                       \ (Merge)
Branch two:             G I   K     N

I performed:

git branch newbranch 
git reset --hard HEAD~8 
git checkout newbranch

I expected that commit I would be the HEAD, but commit L is it now...

To be sure to land on the right spot in the history its easier to work with the hash of the commit

git branch newbranch 
git reset --hard #########
git checkout newbranch

Answer 11

How can I go from this

A - B - C - D - E 
                |
                master

to this?

A - B - C - D - E 
    |           |
    master      newbranch

With two commands

• git branch -m master newbranch

giving

A - B - C - D - E 
                |
                newbranch

and

• git branch master B

giving

A - B - C - D - E
    |           |
    master      newbranch

Answer 12

TLDR

git checkout branch_to_remove_commits
git reset --hard ${hash_of_new_tip}
git checkout -b branch_to_store_commits
# Move commits (single hash, list of hashes or range ffaa..ffoo) 
git cherry-pick ${commit_hash}
git push --set-upstream origin branch_to_store_commits
# Switch back to last branch
git checkout -
git push -f

For me

git log --pretty=oneline -n ${NUMBER}

works best to identify the commit hashes in question.

Answer 13

If you just need to move all your unpushed commits to a new branch, then you just need to,

1. create a new branch from the current one :git branch new-branch-name

2. push your new branch: git push origin new-branch-name

3. revert your old(current) branch to the last pushed/stable state: git reset --hard origin/old-branch-name

Some people also have other upstreams rather than origin, they should use appropriate upstream

Answer 14

You can do this is just 3 simple step that i used.

1) make new branch where you want to commit you recent update.

git branch <branch name>

2) Find Recent Commit Id for commit on new branch.

git log

3) Copy that commit id note that Most Recent commit list take place on top. so you can find your commit. you also find this via message.

git cherry-pick d34bcef232f6c...

you can also provide some rang of commit id.

git cherry-pick d34bcef...86d2aec

Now your job done. If you picked correct id and correct branch then you will success. So before do this be careful. else another problem can occur.

Now you can push your code

git push

Answer 15

I was surprised that nobody recommended this way:

git checkout master
git checkout <commit hash from which you want to split>
git checkout -b new_branch
git rebase master
git checkout master
git reset --hard <commit hash you splitted>

to explain:

1. step we checking out the commit where we want to split
2. then from this commit creating a new branch
3. doing rebase will synchronize new_branch and master. So now we have two same branches with same commits
4. with reset on master, we cleanup last commits after split
5. List item

Answer 16

1) Create a new branch, which moves all your changes to new_branch.

git checkout -b new_branch

2) Then go back to old branch.

git checkout master

3) Do git rebase

git rebase -i <short-hash-of-B-commit>

4) Then the opened editor contains last 3 commit information.

...
pick <C's hash> C
pick <D's hash> D
pick <E's hash> E
...

5) Change pick to drop in all those 3 commits. Then save and close the editor.

...
drop <C's hash> C
drop <D's hash> D
drop <E's hash> E
...

6) Now last 3 commits are removed from current branch (master). Now push the branch forcefully, with + sign before branch name.

git push origin +master

Answer 17

Most of the solutions here count the amount of commits you'd like to go back. I think this is an error prone methodology. Counting would require recounting.

You can simply pass the commit hash of the commit you want to be at HEAD or in other words, the commit you'd like to be the last commit via:

(Notice see commit hash)

To avoid this:

1) git checkout master

2) git branch <feature branch> master

3) git reset --hard <commit hash>

4) git push -f origin master

Answer 18

Using Emacs' git porcelain Magit, you can do this simply by hitting b s (magit-branch-spinoff). You'll be asked to enter a name for your new branch and once you hit enter, voila.

From the Magit documentation:

This command creates and checks out a new branch starting at and tracking the current branch. That branch in turn is reset to the last commit it shares with its upstream. If the current branch has no upstream or no unpushed commits, then the new branch is created anyway and the previously current branch is not touched.

This is useful to create a feature branch after work has already began on the old branch (likely but not necessarily "master").

Answer 19

You can put the files affected by the 3 commits back to Staged and then re-commit the code to a new branch. Assuming you're on master and want to move exactly 3 commits to new-branch:

git reset --soft HEAD~3
git checkout -b new-branch
git commit -m "message"

The code is now committed with a new hash into new-branch, avoiding any future rebase-issues highlighted by some other answers. To avoid any merge conflicts, push master:

git checkout master
git push -ff

This solution also provides the flexibility to re-create your commits completely. In the example above, I replace 3 commits with 1 commit. However, you can of course unstage your staged files by replacing the commit-step above with:

git reset                        # unstage all files
git add path/file_1
git commit -m "first-commit"
git add path/file_2
git commit -m "second-commit"
...

Answer 20

I got to move 7 commits from one old-branch to a new-branch.

git checkout old-branch     # in the example, master
git reset --hard h4sh       # h4sh is the hash for the commit 
git checkout -b new-branch  
git push origin new-branch

After that, both branches were related to the 7 commits I have done. After git checkout new-branch, I was getting fine git log and git status, but, when accessing the old-branch (git checkout old-branch), I'd got the message "git is behind by 7 commits and can be fast-forwarded". What worked for me to erase this message was the followind:

git checkout old-branch
git status 
> git is behind by 7 commits and can be fast-forwarded
git push origin old-branch -f

After that step, the last 7 commits was referenced only for the new-branch and the previous ones were referenced as old-branch and new-branch in the Bitbucket tree.

Answer 21

If you are a UI person like me and you are using Visual Studio. Then you can do the following: In my case, I want to take the latest commit to another branch.

1. Right-click on the one (commit) before.

2. So all commit changes will appear in the Git Changes pane.

3. Now, stash your changes

4. Go to your targeted branch or create a new one from the bottom right corner.

5. From "Git Changes" double click on your latest Stash.

6. "Stash details" pane will be opened. Click on "Pop", then resolve conflicts (if exists).

7. And finally, commit your changes.

Answer 22

Taking some ideas from other posts, avoiding anything to do with reset, and being ultra paranoid, my solution is:

1. git branch # changes are available in new branch
2. git push # upload, you may need to mess with "--set-upstream", e.g. git push --set-upstream https:///
3. check the new branch is in git via a GUI
4. destroy current directory
5. re-clone from git repository

I'm not proud, but I kept my data ;)