A left join is an outer join which generates a result that contains all the records of the "left" table even when there are no matching records in other tables taking part in the join.
SQL LEFT JOIN ON returns the rows of INNER JOIN ON plus unmatched left table rows extended by NULLs. A consequence is that it returns all the rows from the left table at least once even if there are no matches in the left table. So if the ON clause matches 0 (zero) records in the left table then the join will still return that row extended by a NULL in each column from the right table.
Specific join tags
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join inner-join outer-join self-joincross-join full-outer-join right-join natural-join