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Questions tagged [r-faq]

The r-faq tag is created to group a limited number of questions discussing problems that come up regularly on the R tag. It is not the official FAQ on R for SO, but should serve as an interesting source of information on common problems.

The tag is created to group a limited number of questions discussing problems that come up regularly on the tag. It is not the official FAQ on R for SO, but should serve as an interesting source of information on common problems.

The "real" original R-FAQ is reliably found at: https://cran.r-project.org/doc/FAQ/R-FAQ.html and is typically the first google hit for "r-faq".

251 questions
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23 answers

How to make a great R reproducible example

When discussing performance with colleagues, teaching, sending a bug report or searching for guidance on mailing lists and here on Stack Overflow, a reproducible example is often asked and always helpful. What are your tips for creating an excellent…
Andrie
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13 answers

How to join (merge) data frames (inner, outer, left, right)

Given two data frames: df1 = data.frame(CustomerId = c(1:6), Product = c(rep("Toaster", 3), rep("Radio", 3))) df2 = data.frame(CustomerId = c(2, 4, 6), State = c(rep("Alabama", 2), rep("Ohio", 1))) df1 # CustomerId Product # 1 Toaster # …
Dan Goldstein
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19 answers

Sort (order) data frame rows by multiple columns

I want to sort a data frame by multiple columns. For example, with the data frame below I would like to sort by column 'z' (descending) then by column 'b' (ascending): dd <- data.frame(b = factor(c("Hi", "Med", "Hi", "Low"), levels = c("Low",…
Christopher DuBois
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1142
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12 answers

Grouping functions (tapply, by, aggregate) and the *apply family

Whenever I want to do something "map"py in R, I usually try to use a function in the apply family. However, I've never quite understood the differences between them -- how {sapply, lapply, etc.} apply the function to the input/grouped input, what…
grautur
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20 answers

Remove rows with all or some NAs (missing values) in data.frame

I'd like to remove the lines in this data frame that: a) contain NAs across all columns. Below is my example data frame. gene hsap mmul mmus rnor cfam 1 ENSG00000208234 0 NA NA NA NA 2 ENSG00000199674 0 2 2 2 …
Benoit B.
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1026
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25 answers

Drop data frame columns by name

I have a number of columns that I would like to remove from a data frame. I know that we can delete them individually using something like: df$x <- NULL But I was hoping to do this with fewer commands. Also, I know that I could drop columns using…
Btibert3
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951
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30 answers

How do I replace NA values with zeros in an R dataframe?

I have a data frame and some columns have NA values. How do I replace these NA values with zeroes?
Renato Dinhani
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9 answers

What are the differences between "=" and "<-" assignment operators?

What are the differences between the assignment operators = and <- in R? I know that operators are slightly different, as this example shows x <- y <- 5 x = y = 5 x = y <- 5 x <- y = 5 # Error in (x <- y) = 5 : could not find function "<-<-" But…
csgillespie
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702
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14 answers

How to convert a factor to integer\numeric without loss of information?

When I convert a factor to a numeric or integer, I get the underlying level codes, not the values as numbers. f <- factor(sample(runif(5), 20, replace = TRUE)) ## [1] 0.0248644019011408 0.0248644019011408 0.179684827337041 ## [4]…
Adam SO
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18 answers

How should I deal with "package 'xxx' is not available (for R version x.y.z)" warning?

I tried to install a package, using install.packages("foobarbaz") but received the warning Warning message: package 'foobarbaz' is not available (for R version x.y.z) Why doesn't R think that the package is available? See also these questions…
Richie Cotton
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681
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17 answers

Plot two graphs in a same plot

I would like to plot y1 and y2 in the same plot. x <- seq(-2, 2, 0.05) y1 <- pnorm(x) y2 <- pnorm(x, 1, 1) plot(x, y1, type = "l", col = "red") plot(x, y2, type = "l", col = "green") But when I do it like this, they are not plotted in the same…
Sandra Schlichting
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680
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13 answers

How can I view the source code for a function?

I want to look at the source code for a function to see how it works. I know I can print a function by typing its name at the prompt: > t function (x) UseMethod("t") In this case, what does…
Joshua Ulrich
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665
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11 answers

The difference between bracket [ ] and double bracket [[ ]] for accessing the elements of a list or dataframe

R provides two different methods for accessing the elements of a list or data.frame: [] and [[]]. What is the difference between the two, and when should I use one over the other?
Sharpie
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658
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12 answers

How to unload a package without restarting R

I'd like to unload a package without having to restart R (mostly because restarting R as I try out different, conflicting packages is getting frustrating, but conceivably this could be used in a program to use one function and then another--although…
Ari B. Friedman
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8 answers

What is the difference between require() and library()?

What is the difference between require() and library()?
Marco
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